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30-07-2006 /views: 1450 in past 12 months.
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A Sentence On Tyranny. A sentence of 20 pages.
Budapest CityPoem, photo Simon Pride 
Egy mondat a zsarnokságról (A Sentence On Tyranny), Gyula IllyésThis Sunday a very well known poem from Hungary, written in the '50s. It is one huge sentence describing how tyranny effects not only the 'formal practices' of the regime, but also the many small things in daily life. Hungary was in its most severe period of Socialism in the 50s, just before the dramatic uprise against the Soviets in 1956, that was dramatically struck down and coused many Hungarians to flee from their country.

The poem is welded on rusty iron plates. They are located in the Szobor Park, the Statue Park in Budapest where all the statues of the socialist era were gathered. 

Where tyranny exists
that tyranny exists
not only in the barrel of the gun
not only in the cells of a prison

not just in the interrogation block
or the small hours of the clock
the guard's bark and his fists
the tyranny exists

not just in the billowing black fetor
of the closing speech of the prosecutor,
in the "justified use of force"
the prisoners' dull morse

not merely in the cool postscript
of the expected verdict
there's tyranny
not just in the crisp military

order to "Stand!" and the numb
instruction "Fire!", the roll of the drum,
in the last twitch
of the corpse in the ditch

not just in the door half open
and the fearful omen,
the whispered tremor
of the secret rumour

the hand that grips,
the finger before the lips,
tyranny is in place
in the iron mask of the face

in the clench of the jaw
the wordless O
of pain and its echo
and the tears

of silence-breeding fears,
in the surprise
of starting eyes

tyranny supplies
the standing ovation, the loud
hurrahs and chanting of the crowd
at the conference, the songs

of tyranny, the breasts
that tyranny infests,
the loud unflagging
noise of rhythmic clapping,

at the opera, in trumpet cry,
in the uproarious lie
of grandiose statues, of colours,
in galleries,

in the frame and the wash,
in the very brush,
not just in the neat snarl
of the midnight car

as it waits
outside the gates

tyranny permeates
all manners and all states,
its omnipresent eyes more steady
than those of old Nobodaddy,

there's tyranny
in the nursery
in father's advice, in his guile,
in your mother's smile

in the child's answer
to the perfect stranger;

not just in wires with barbs and hooks
not just in rows of books,
but, worse than a barbed wire fence
the slogans devoid of sense

whose tyranny supplies
the long goodbyes;
the words of parting,
the will-you-be-home-soon-darling?

in the street manners, the meetings
and half-hearted greetings,
the handshakes and the alarm
of the weak hand in your palm,

he's there when your loved one's face
turns suddenly to ice
he accompanies you
to tryst or rendezvous

not just in the grilling
but in the cooing and the billing,
in your words of love he'll appear
like a dead fly in your beer

because even in dreams you're not free
of his eternal company,
in the nuptial bed, in your lust
he covers you like dust

because nothing may be caressed
but that which he first blessed,
it is him you cuddle up to
and raise your loving cup to

in your plate, in your glass he flows
in your mouth and through your nose
in frost, fog, out or in
he creeps under your skin

like an open vent through which
you breathe the foul air of the ditch
and it lingers like drains
or a gas leak at the mains

it's tyranny that dogs
your inner monologues,
nothing is your own
once your dreams are known

all is changed or lost,
each star a border post
light-strafed and mined; the stars
are spies at window bars,

the vast tent's every lamp
lights a labour camp,
come fever, come the bell
it's tyranny sounds the knell,

confessor is confession,
he preaches, reads the lesson
he's Church, House and Theatre
the Inquisition;

you blink your eyes, you stare
you see him everywhere;
like sickness or memory
he keeps you company;

trains rattling down the rail
the clatter of the jail;
in the mountains, by the coast
you are his breathing host;

lightning: the sudden noise
of thunder, it's his voice
in the bright electric dart,
the skipping of the heart

in moments of calm,
chains of tedium,
in rain that falls an age,
the star-high prison-cage

in snow that rises and waits
like a cell, and isolates;
your own dog's faithful eyes
wear his look for disguise,

his is the truth, the way
so each succeeding day
is his, each move you make
you do it for his sake;

like water, you both follow
the course set and the hollow
ring is closed; that phiz
you see in the mirror is his

escape is doomed to failure,
you're both prisoner and gaoler;
he has soaked, corroded in,
he's deep beneath your skin

in your kidney, in your fag,
he's in your every rag,
you think: his agile patter
rules both mind and matter

you look, but what you see
is his, illusory,
one match is all it takes
and fire consumes the brake

you having failed to snuff
the head as it broke off;
his watchfulness extends
to factories, fields and friends

and you no longer know or feel
what it is to live, eat meat or bread
to desire or love or spread
your arms wide in appeal;

it is the chain slaves wear
that they themselves prepare;
you eat but it's tyranny
grows fat, his are your progeny

in tyranny's domain
you are the link in the chain,
you stink of him through and through,
the tyranny IS you;

like moles in sunlight we crawl
in pitch darkness, sprawl
and fidget in the closet
as if it were a desert,

because where tyranny obtains
everything is vain,
the song itself though fine
is false in every line,

for he stands over you
at your grave, and tells you who
you were, your every molecule
his to dispose and rule.

(1950)

Translated by George Szirtes


About the author

Gyula Illyés (1902-1983) was a Hungarian poet and novelist. Born into a poor peasant family, he was educated both in Budapest and in Paris. Most of his writings were made during his spare time. During World War II he was associated with the journal Nyugat. After the liberation of Hungary he became a member of parliament, withdrawing from public life when the Stalinists rose to power. In his poetry Illyés was a spokesman for the oppressed peasant class. Greater universality and an appeal for national and individual liberty mark his later work.



Original Hungarian text


Illyés Gyula – Egy mondat a zsarnokságról

Hol zsarnokság van,
ott zsarnokság van
nemcsak a puskacsõben,
nemcsak a börtönökben,

nemcsak a vallató szobákban,
nemcsak az éjszakában
kiáltó õr szavában,
ott zsarnokság van

nemcsak a füst-sötéten
lobogó vádbeszédben,
beismerésben,
rabok fal-morse-jében,

nemcsak a bíró hûvös
ítéletében: bûnös!
ott zsarnokság van
nemcsak a katonásan

pattogtatott „vigyázz!”-ban,
„tûz!”-ben, a dobolásban,
s abban, ahogy a hullát
gödörbe húzzák,

nemcsak a titkon
félignyílt ajtón
ijedten
besuttogott hírekben,

a száj elé hulltan
pisszt jelzõ ujjban,
ott zsarnokság van
nemcsak a rács-szilárdan

fölrakott arcvonásban
s e rácsban már szótlan
vergõdõ jajsikolyban,
a csöndet

növelõ néma könnyek
zuhatagában,
kimeredt szembogárban,

ott zsarnokság van
nemcsak a talpraálltan
harsogott éljenekben,
hurrákban, énekekben,

hol zsarnokság van,
ott zsarnokság van
nemcsak az ernyedetlen
tapsoló tenyerekben,

kürtben, az operában,
épp oly hazug-harsányan
zengõ szoborkövekben,
színekben, képteremben,

külön minden keretben,
már az ecsetben;
nemcsak az éjben halkan
sikló gépkocsizajban

s abban,
megállt a kapualjban;

hol zsarnokság van, ott van
jelenvalóan
mindenekben,
ahogy rég istened sem;

ott zsarnokság van
az óvodákban,
az apai tanácsban,
az anya mosolyában,

abban, ahogy a gyermek
idegennek felelget;

nemcsak a szögesdrótban,
nemcsak a könyvsorokban
szögesdrótnál jobban
butító szólamokban;

az ott van
a búcsúcsókban,
ahogy így szól a hitves:
mikor jössz haza, kedves;

az utcán oly szokottan
ismételt hogy-vagy-okban,
a hirtelen puhábban
szorított kézfogásban,

ahogy egyszercsak
szerelmed arca megfagy,
mert ott van
a légyottban,

nemcsak a vallatásban,
ott van a vallomásban,
az édes szó-mámorban,
mint légy a borban,

mert álmaidban
sem vagy magadban,
ott van a nászi ágyban,
elõtte már a vágyban,

mert szépnek csak azt véled,
mi egyszer már övé lett;
vele hevertél,
ha azt hitted, szerettél,

tányérban és pohárban,
az ott van az orrban, szájban,
hidegben és homályban,
szabadban és szobádban,

mintha nyitva az ablak,
s bedõl a dögszag,
mintha a házban
valahol gázfolyás van,

ha magadban beszélgetsz,
õ, a zsarnokság kérdez,
képzeletedben
se vagy független,

fönt a Tejút is már más:
határsáv, hol fény pásztáz,
aknamezõ; a csillag:
kémlelõ ablak,

a nyüzsgõ égi sátor:
egyetlen munkatábor;
mert zsarnokság szól
lázból, harangozásból,

a papból, kinek gyónol,
a prédikációból,
templom, parlament, kínpad:
megannyi színpad;

hunyod-nyitod a pillád,
mind az tekint rád;
mint a betegség,
veled megy, mint az emlék;

vonat kereke, hallod,
rab vagy, rab, erre kattog;
hegyen és tenger mellett
be ezt lehelled;

cikáz a villám, az van
minden váratlan
zörejben, fényben,
a szív-hökkenésben;

a nyugalomban,
e bilincs-unalomban,
a zápor-zuhogásban,
az égigérõ rácsban,

a cellafal-fehéren
bezáró hóesésben;
az néz rád
kutyád szemén át,

s mert minden célban ott van,
ott van a holnapodban,
gondolatodban,
minden mozdulatodban;

mint víz a medret,
követed és teremted;
kémlelõdsz ki e körbõl?
õ néz rád a tükörbõl,

õ les, hiába futnál,
fogoly vagy s egyben foglár;
dohányod zamatába,
ruháid anyagába,

beivódik, evõdik
velõdig;
eszmélnél, de eszme
csak övé jut eszedbe,

néznél, de csak azt látod,
mit õ eléd varázsolt,
s már körbe lángol
erdõtûz gyufaszálból,

mert amikor ledobtad,
el nem tiportad;
s így rád is õ vigyáz már,
gyárban, mezõn, a háznál,

s nem érzed már, mi élni,
hús és kenyér mi,
mi szeretni, kívánni,
karod kitárni,

bilincseit a szolga
maga így gyártja s hordja;
ha eszel, õt növeszted,
gyermeked neki nemzed,

hol zsarnokság van,
mindenki szem a láncban;
belõled bûzlik, árad,
magad is zsarnokság vagy;

vakondként napsütésben,
így járunk vaksötétben,
s feszengünk kamarában,
akár a Szaharában;

mert ahol zsarnokság van,
minden hiában,
a dal is, az ilyen hû,
akármilyen mû,

mert ott áll
eleve sírodnál,
õ mondja meg, ki voltál,
porod is neki szolgál.

(1950)
 

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One Sentence on Tyranny

from the Hungarian of Gyula Ilyes
translated by Judit Brody and Simon Pride.

Where there is tyranny
you'll find it not only
in the rifle's muzzle
not only in the jails,

not only in the interrogation cells,
not only in the yells,
the shouts and calls,
the guard's voice at nightfall,

you'll find it not only in
the prosecution's summing up
(dark as smoke), in confessions,
in prisoner's morse signs,

not only in the cold
verdict of the judge: "Guilty.!"
You'll find it not only
in the military "Take aim!"

or "Fire!", in the drums
and how the corpse is lowered
into the ditch;
not only in the whispered news

through half-open doors,
finger to the lips,
you'll find it not only in
the face’s guarded expression

or the voiceless scream
behind that face -
in the eloquence of mute tears
swelling the silence in huge pupils,

not only in the standing ovations,
the cheers, the marching songs:
where there is tyranny
you'll find it not only

in the clapping hands,
in the trumpets, in the opera,
in the marble statues
that shout just as loud,

in colours, in art galleries,
on each canvas,
before that in the paint,
and in the painter's brush,

not only in the silent
black gliding vehicle
of the night (it has stopped
in front of your house)

where there is tyranny
you'll find it present everywhere
it is in everything,
more so than your ancient Gods,

you'll find it in the kindergarten
in Father's admonition,
in the mother's smile,
in the way the child acts around strangers;

not only in the barbed wire,
not only in the ranks of books,
in the harangues more barbed
and boring than the wire;

it is there
in the goodbye kiss,
or the way a wife asks
"When are you coming home, dear?"

in the usual "How do you do?"s
in the street,
in the handshake that's so
unexpectedly soft

or the way your lover's face
abruptly freezes, surprised
in the tryst yes,
of course it’s there again,

not only in the confession of guilt
but in the confession of love
as well the spring of sweet nothings
spoiled at the source a fly in the wine

for even in your dreams
you've been usurped; it's
already in the bridal bed,
before that in your growing passion,

because all you desire
is what it already claimed;
nothing but a bedmate
when you thought you were making love;

It's in the plates and cups
in the nose and the mouth,
in the cold and the dark,
in your place and outside too

as if the smell of corruption
came creeping through the open window,
or there were a gas leak
somewhere in the building...

your thoughts, the voice in your head
is Tyranny, grand Inquisitor;
your flights of fantasy
never reach liberty;

above the Milky Way has changed
to a frontier scanned by searchlights
a mine field and each star
is now a tiny spyhole,

the tent of the night sky flaps
over one huge labour camp
because tyranny calls
from fever beds, from church bells

from the confessional grille, and the priest behind,
from his pulpit and sermon no less;
Church, Parliament and torture chamber
are stage sets, cardboard flats,

open and close your eyes, find it
always staring back at you
ever present, like a disease
lingering on with the persistence

of memory: the wheels of the train
(listen!) go “Prisoner prisoner"
on the track: you breathe it in
on the mountains, by the sea,

it shows in every lightning bolt
in every sudden noise,
in every flash of light,
in the heart's murmur,

in silences,
in this manacle boredom,
in the patter of the shower,
in the sky high railings

in the snowstorm that makes
whitewash cell walls to hide you
it looks at you
through the eyes of your dog

because it moulds all your hopes,
your tomorrows, your "one of these days"
underlying your ideas,
in every little move you make¬

like a river, you still keep
the course you first wore as a stream )
or stare in the mirror;
can you get another, different

point of view? All you see
is tyranny looking back at you,
in vain you try to get away¬
by now you're prisoner and warder too;

it infiltrates your cigar smoke,
distills itself into your clothes,
soaks in through them, down into
the marrow of your bones;

you'd have your own ideas?
their basis lies in tyranny!
take a good look around you;
but what you see is built on it;

a forest fire is raging, kindled
by the single match you dropped,
and thought there was no need to stamp it out;
encircling you, it guards you now
in factories or fields, and houses;

you forget what living is, what
bread or meat would taste like; love,
desire, or the way to open
your arms to another have gone,

like this the serf first forges,
then puts on his chains;
you eat, and so sustain it,
multiply it with your children -

where there is tyranny,
we are all links in the chain,
your body stinks of tyranny,
you yourself are tyranny:

we stumble around and around it,
blind, like moles in the sun,
pace our rooms, or sit and flinch
on the Sahara of the front room carpet -

where tyranny is, everything
is futile, all poems like this,
however true; for by your grave
tyrranny was always standing,
and now your ashes are his slave.

Simon Pride, February 21, 2009:

"Hi Hans I am glad you used my photo of the Illyes poem. I see you've
included the Szirtes translation. Would you mind including mine too? I made
it with a Hungarian exile who knew both Illyes and Szirtes, and we
collaborated on it to achieve in English what Illyes was trying to say in
Hungarian. The full text of my translation is at the end of the thread at
http://www.flickr.com/photos/simonpride/14981961/in/photostream/ "
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